Echocardiographic studies were performed by 1 experienced investigator, using the Toshiba Xario 100 Diagnostic Ultrasound System (Toshiba, Toshiba Medical System Corporation, Tochigi 324-8550, Japan). M-mode and 2-dimensional measurements were performed as per recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. These measurements included left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, intraventricular septum, and posterior wall end-diastolic thickness. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated according to Devereux formula.[17] LVM was indexed for BSA.
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