Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated within 24 hours after blood withdrawal, cultured in X‐Vivo (48 hours) unstimulated (U), stimulated with plate‐bound anti‐CD3 (3 μg/mL) plus soluble anti‐CD28 (1 μg/mL), lipid A (LpA, 0.1 μg/mL), or peptidoglycan (PGN, 1 mg/mL, OR) at 37°C. Cell pellets were used for RNA isolation utilizing the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and supernatants were frozen at −80°C. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood (Flexigene DNA‐Kit, Qiagen).
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