Subcutaneous Xenograft Tumors

Female BALB/c nude mice (average weight, 15 g) were kept under specific pathogen-free conditions with an IVC system and cared for in accordance with the guidelines of Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee. Housing conditions included a light:dark cycle of 12 h, temperature of 15°C–27°C, and humidity between 50%–80%. The cages and food and water were sterilized. All implanted tumor growth assays used 1 × 10⁶ cells/0.2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline without mycoplasma contamination injected subcutaneously into the right flank of the mice; the tumor size was monitored daily.