Visits between diagnosis and the first 6 months after diagnosis date were excluded, to reduce the effect on variability of the initial treatment. Glycemic variability was calculated over 5-year intervals, with five measurements 1 year apart (Additional file 1: Figure S1b). Variability in FG and HbA1c for the first 20 intervals was calculated as the standard deviation, median absolute deviation and the coefficient of variation (CV). Five-year intervals were aligned based on time since diagnosis, i.e. the first interval represents 1–5 years after diagnosis. Not all individuals were in all intervals, where individuals were allowed to be in a subset of the intervals. Only intervals 1–20 with ≥ 200 individuals were considered (Interval 1–20, Additional file 2: Table S1). Individuals within an interval were split into quintiles based on their CV (1 = low CV, 5 = high CV).
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