Total RNA was isolated from cells with TRIzol (Invitrogen) or AllPrep DNA/RNA/miRNA universal kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA was converted to cDNA by iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad). Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) using Brilliant III Ultra-Fast SYBR Green Master mix (Agilent Technologies). Sequences of qPCR primers used for Ppargc1a, Ppard, Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), and Nr4a3 genes are provided (Table S2 in Supplementary Material). mRNA expression was quantified by normalizing Ct values to cDNA amounts.
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