We reviewed the published accounts of infanticide in apes, and recorded how often infanticides were observed or inferred in order to put our observations in context. Mothers are sometimes injured during infanticidal attacks53. Thus, replicating the protocol of van Schaik53 we reviewed infanticide cases in the primate literature to determine the incidence and location of female injuries in order to better understand the probability of female injury during an infanticide. If a detailed description of the attack was given, but no injuries were mentioned, we assumed that no injury occurred. If the infanticide report did not contain a detailed description of the attack, it was labeled as insufficient data.
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