Renovascular hypertension (2K1C model) was induced in rats as previously described (Cavalcanti et al., 2016). Under combined ketamine (Cetamin, Syntec, Cotia, Brazil) and xylazine (Anasedan, Cevo, Paulínia, Brazil) anesthesia (75 and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, IP, respectively), a midline abdominal incision was made. The right renal artery was exposed and isolated over a short segment by blunt dissection. A U-shaped silver clip (0.2 mm internal gap) was placed over the vessel at a site proximal to the abdominal aorta and the wound closed and sutured. A sham procedure, which entailed the entire surgery except for renal artery clipping, served as control.
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