Hemospon® fragments, a lyophilized and hydrolyzed collagen sponge with porcine origin (Technew, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), which had a size that was compatible with the size of the bone defect (2 mm/2 mm), were obtained. The fragments remained immersed in 2 mL of the culture medium in an incubator with 5% CO2 at 37°C, for 24 hours before the surgical procedures. For groups 4 and 5, we used a culture medium containing 106 cells/mL.
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