Extracellular l-lactate concentration was measured using the EnzyChrom l-lactate Assay Kit (ECLC-100, BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Intracellular lactate levels were quantified by Lactate Assay Kit (MET-5012, Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA, USA). During lactate level measurement, dialyzed FBS (26400-044, Gibco) was used.
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