RNA Extraction, Gene Expression, and Plasmid DNA Isolation

RNA extraction from cells was performed using RNeasy RNA isolation kit by Qiagen (Hilden, Germany) and Life Magnetics RNA isolation kit (Detroit, MI) from cells grown in monolayer. cDNA was synthesized using the Applied Biosystems High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). All qRT-PCRs were performed using Applied Biosystems TaqMan assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using the Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR system. Supplemental list of TaqMan assays is in Supplementary Table 1. Plasmid DNA isolation was performed using the Bio-Rad Quantum Miniprep kit (Hercules, CA) and Life Magnetics Plasmid DNA isolation kit according to the manufacturer's instructions.