Participants

Thirty-six undergraduate students from the University of Waterloo (UW) participated in the study and received course credit upon completion. All were 18–29 years old, had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and had lived in Canada or the United States for the past 5 years or more. They reported no history of neurological or psychiatric illness and no drug use (psychiatric or otherwise). All participants rated themselves at least a 7 out of 10 on Likert-type scales when describing their ability to recognize people and emotional expressions (from 0-extremely poor to 10-extremely good). In total, ten participants were excluded before analysis due to technical issues during recording (N = 2), problems with eye-tracking calibration (N = 2), poor response accuracy (i.e., less than 80%; N = 2), or EEG data that had less than 50 trials per condition after cleaning (N = 4). This left a final sample of 26 participants (17 females, 9 males; mean age = 19.67, SD = 1.69) for analysis. The study received ethics clearance from the UW Research Ethics Board and all participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.