Fibroblasts were cultured at 2 × 105 cells per well of a six-well plate. The cells were stimulated with 50 ng/ml of recombinant mouse TGF-β1 (R&D Systems), with the control well receiving no stimulant. MSC CM was added to a further well containing TGF-β1 and was cultured for 24 hours. The cells were collected in TRIzol Reagent (Thermo Fisher) and were examined for expression of mouse α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by quantitative real-time PCR.
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