All experiments were performed three times independently and the results were presented as means ± SD. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK) post hoc test was employed to determine the significant difference among groups. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software of version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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