2.5. Cell lines and tumour tissue samples

We have used ACOSC3, ACOSC4 and ACOSC16 OSCC cell lines, which were recently established in our laboratory from the advanced stage treatment naïve buccal mucosa tumours [39]. For skin cancer, we have used the human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) line A3886 obtained from Dr. Colin Jamora's Lab at Instem, Bengaluru [40]. These cell lines were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics (Invitrogen), and maintained at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. The tumour tissue samples used in the study were approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC).