Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 00-3002, ThermoFisher scientific) was freshly prepared using high-purity Milli-Q water of resistivity 18 MΩ cm and filtered (0.02 μm cut-off, Whatman) and used without further pH adjustment. Nile red (NR) stock solutions were prepared by dissolving NR into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, D2650 >99.7% purity) and then diluted into pre-filtered PBS buffer and used at a final concentration of 0.05 μM unless otherwise specified.
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