Animals

Eight male Long-Evans that weighed 275–300 g were purchased from Harlan and singly housed on a 12 h light/ dark cycle. All experiments were conducted in the light phase. Animal care was identical to previously published accounts (Nicola, 2010; du Hoffmann et al., 2011; McGinty et al., 2013; du Hoffmann and Nicola, 2014; Morrison and Nicola, 2014). Upon arrival, rats were given 1 week of rest and were then habituated to being handled by the experimenter. After habituation, animals were food restriced to ~90% of free feeding body weight prior to beginning the initial stages of training. After the early stages of training, animals were given free access to standard lab chow in their home cage. All animal procedures were consistent with the U.S National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.