Exclusion standard

NZ Ningning Zhang
ZS Zhende Shang
ZW Zhigang Wang
XM Xianbing Meng
ZL Zheng Li
HT Hailong Tian
DH Dezhang Huang
XY Xin Yin
BZ Bin Zheng
XZ Xinhua Zhang
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(1) Patients under 18 years old and more than 75 years old were excluded; (2) tumors originating from the brain stem; (3) excluding patients who are suffering low-level gliomas or non-tumors whose MRI showed enhancement areas; (4) renal insufficiency of patients; (5) patients with hepatic insufficiency; (6) other parts of the body with active malignant tumor patients; (7) preoperative tumor MRI enhancement and postoperative pathology proved to be metastatic tumor patients; (8) according to the operation, a single specimen retention of the case should be excluded.

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