Follow-up

Seizure outcomes were assessed at follow-up visits after the last treatment, and patient AED status was also obtained. In the final follow-up, seizure outcome and postoperative AED status were obtained by telephone. In this study, modified Engel class I was defined as favorable seizure outcomes, and a modified Engel class II–IV outcome was defined as poor outcome. DSA was performed after six to 12 months in patients with embolization. MRI was performed every six months for patients after endovascular embolization and SRS therapy, and DSA was usually performed two years after SRS.