2.5. Cell viability assay and statistical analysis

Twenty‐four hours after transfection, cells were cultured in 96‐well plates (1 × 10⁴ cells/well). Desired drugs and compounds were added to the wells separately immediately after cells were seeded and cultured with the cells for 24 hr. Cell viability was measured by fluorescence chemistry using a CCK8 kit (Lianke Bio, Beijing, China) with a spectrophotometer (Multiskan MK3; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL) at an optical density (OD) of 450 nm.

Each experimental condition was repeated three times with up to five multiple wells each time. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error, and statistical significance was calculated by Student’s t test in Excel. P < 0.05 was considered significantly different.