Pregnant women attending MCH clinics for antenatal booking are eligible to participate in the study on screening based on study criteria.
Malaysian women (age >18 years) with singleton pregnancy, body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m2 to <40.0 kg/m2, normal glycaemia at study enrolment (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 3.0–6.0 mmol/L) and free from any medical illness or obstetrics complications.
Women with multiple pregnancies, became pregnant with assistance of advanced reproductive technology, unable to complete oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) within 24–32 weeks of gestation, pre-existing diabetes mellitus (FPG >7.0 mmol/L), diagnosis of diabetes during this pregnancy, abnormal glycaemia (FPG <3.0 mmol/L or FPG >6.0 mmol/L) at study enrolment, previous diagnosis of diabetes requiring treatment with medication outside of pregnancy, BMI >40.0 kg/m2, other medical problems (eg, HIV positive, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, hypertension, renal disease, anaemia, thalassaemia) at study enrolment.
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