To evaluate the breast cancer cell invasion, the experiments were conducted using 24-well invasion chambers with 8-μm pore-size inserts that were coated with Matrigel (Corning). MDA-MB-231 cells (1.5 × 105 cells/well) were plated on the inserts and were co-cultured with M2 macrophages for 24 h at 37°C. The cells that invaded across the inserts were stained with 0.005% crystal violet (Beyotime), followed by counting cells per field of view under a phase-contrast microscope.
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