Cytotoxicity of metformin and phenformin was assessed by MTT assay as described elsewhere (Wang et al., 2017). Briefly, after treatment, medium was aspirated and 50 μl MTT solution (5 mg/ml) was added for 1.5 h. Afterward, 200 μl of MTT solvent (19:1 DMSO: HCL) was added and admixed to dissolve the formazan crystals generated inside of cells. Absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm by using a spectrophotometer (Bio-Rad, CA, United States). Cell viability was determined by dividing the absorbance values of treated cells to that of untreated (control) cells.
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