2.9. Western blot

Cells lysed in ice‐cold RIPA buffer (Beyotime, China) supplemented with 10 nM PMSF. The protein samples of equal amount were resolved on 10% SDS polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes at 100 V for 2.5 hours. 5% fat‐free milk in TBST was used to block the membrane, followed by adding primary antibodies (Abcam, Cambridge) (anti‐LDHA, 1: 500) and incubation at 4°C overnight. Secondary antibodies (1:5000) were added and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature. The protein bands were visualized using the chemiluminescence method (Millipore, MA). Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda) was used to analyze the protein expression levels. GAPDH (1:1000) was used as the control.