The cAMP levels in cells and the xenograft tumor tissues were quantified according to the manufacturer’s instructions using a cAMP-Glo™ assay kit (Promega, USA). The enzyme activities of PDE4D isoforms that were immunoprecipitated from cells and xenograft tumor tissues were quantified according to the manufacturer’s instructions using a PDE-Glo™ phosphodiesterase assay kit (Promega).
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