Spheroid (orosphere) assays were performed in 24-well plates. Briefly, the wells were coated with 250 µL, 1.5%, agarose in DMEM. Ten thousand cells were resuspended in 0.5 mL warm DMEM, 10% FBS, and 0.1% agarose containing the appropriate treatment and layered on top. Agarose was allowed to solidify at room temperature for 15 min before adding an additional 0.5 mL of DMEM, 10% FBS containing the same treatment as above, and returning the cells to the incubator. The cells were allowed to grow for two weeks, replacing the liquid media every three days before spheroid formation was analyzed. For quantification, the wells were photographed using an automatic whole well scan mode in a Zeiss Axiovert 200 M microscope. Colony counting and diameter measurements were performed manually using the Zeiss Axiovision 4.8 software.
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