CIA is a well-established mouse model for human RA [13]. Arthritic mice develop swollen joints, chronic inflammation, and joint destruction. CIA was induced by injecting a type II collagen at 2 mg/mL (Chondrex, Washington, USA) and complete Freud’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich, Mannheim, Germany) 1:1 emulsion (200 μL) at the base of the tail in 10-week-old male WT and E2f2−/− mice. A type II collagen and incomplete Freud’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich) 1:1 emulsion was injected (200 μL) at the base of the tail in 14-week-old mice. Mice were monitored once per day for symptoms of arthritis.
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