Management

All patients were managed according to standard recommendations, which included fluid resuscitation, organ system support, pain alleviation, and nutritional support (enteral or parenteral).¹⁷, ¹⁸ Antibiotics were used for extrapancreatic infections and suspected pancreatic necrosis infection. Infected necrosis was suspected by the patient's worsening clinical course and diagnosed based on positive drain cultures or the presence of gas within the necrosis seen on CECT. Drainage (endoscopic or percutaneous catheter) of fluid collections was performed in case of persistent OF, suspected infected necrosis, and/or pressure symptoms. The site and route of drainage was chosen by a team comprising a gastroenterologist and an interventional radiologist based on the location, type, and extent of the collections. Patients failing to recover or worsening with medical management and drainage of collections were subjected to surgical necrosectomy.