OLED Fabrication: The organic layers (small molecule) and cathode (Al) were evaporated using a thermal evaporator (10−6 Torr). The devices were fabricated with a 60-nm-thick N,N′-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)- N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine (NPB) layer as a hole transport layer, an 80-nm-thick tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) layer as an electron transporting emissive layer, a 0.8-nm-thick lithium fluoride (LiF) layer as an electron injection layer, and a 100-nm-thick Al layer as a highly reflective cathode.
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