The concentration of vancomycin in the supernatant was determined by measuring its absorbance via UV spectrophotometry at 280.5 nm. A standard curve, which was used to calibrate the relationship between the drug concentration and UV absorbance, was prepared using drug concentrations ranging from 0.35 to 0.0024 mg/ml in 0.5% of PVA. The standard curve of drug concentration in response to UV absorbance was determined to be y = 0.16672 × −0.00421, with a correlation factor R-square of 0.999 in regression analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of the vancomycin in the nanoparticles was determined by identifying the concentration of the non-encapsulated free drug in the supernatant after centrifugation of the nanoparticle suspension at 12,000 rpm for 30 min. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug-loaded nanoparticles was calculated using the following equation:
The drug loading capacity is defined as follows:
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