Antimicrobial activity assay

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined primarily based on the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [27, 28]. The Muller Hinton (MH) II broth used in MIC assay contained 20–25 mg/L of calcium and 10–12.5 mg/L of magnesium. The procedures were described in previous studies [13, 14]. In brief, two-fold serially diluted CAMPs (2 to 256 μg/ml) were mixed with appropriate bacterial strains at a final concentration of 5 × 10⁵ CFU/ml in a 96-well microtiter plate (Nunc™, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Following incubation at 37 °C for 24 h, MIC was recorded. All assays were conducted in triplicate.