Primary human renal mesangial cells were purchased from ScienCell (Carlsbad, CA), grown in Mesangial Cell Medium (ScienCell) supplemented with 2% FBS and 1% mesangial cell growth supplement (ScienCell). Cells were passaged by trypsinization when confluent and used between the third and ninth passages. Before treatment, cells were cultured in serum-free RPMI medium with 5 mM glucose for 24 h.
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