Rats were restricted from food for 24 h and water for 4 h before they were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 mL/100 g) by intraperitoneal injection. The rats were fixed on the operation platform with their neck exposed. After a midline incision was made, the skin and neck muscles were separated layer by layer, and then the left carotid artery was isolated and ligated with a surgical suture line. After 1 week, the right bilateral common carotid artery was ligated in the same way. Rats in the control group had their common carotid arteries isolated, but ligation was not performed.
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