For the training step we use 2000 values from the MG system and α = 0.830,32,33. The training target is equivalent to the input signal, shifted by a single time step. Via the teacher we estimate the optimal output weight vector
via its pseudo-inverse according to singular value decomposition. Equation (3) therefore minimizes the error between output tanh(Wout ⋅ xn +1) and teacher . As training error measure we use the normalized mean squared error (NMSE) between output and target signal , normalized by the variance of teacher signal :
where σ is the standard deviation.
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