Cells and tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide. After washing, samples were dehydrated by a series of incubations in ethanol. Dehydration was continued by incubation in 95% ethanol, absolute ethanol and acetone. Surfaces of the cells and tissues were coated with gold and scanned with a SEM (S-3700 N, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
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