Mixed meal tolerance test

At baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks of dietary intervention, a standard meal test (total caloric content of 460 kcal (1.93 MJ), including 53% carbohydrate, 16% protein and 31% fat) was performed to evaluate the plasma glucose and serum C-peptide levels while fasting and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min postprandially. The test meal was ingested within 15 min. At 0 min of the meal test, the following parameters were also measured: fasting triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY).