Urine collected at harvest was used to assess total protein and total nitrate/nitrite. Total protein levels were determined using urine diluted 1:5 by the bicinchoninic assay (Pierce) according to the manufacturer's instructions. A commercially available nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay kit (Cayman Chemical 780001, Ann Arbor, MI) was used to assess total nitrate/nitrite concentrations. Urine (80 μL) from each rat diluted 1:10 was assayed in duplicate according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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