2.10. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Assay

Total RNA of Caco-2 cells, colon tissues from each mouse were extracted using Trizol solution. cDNA were synthesized with RevertAid First Strand cDNA Sythesis Kit (Thermo Scientific). The transcript levels of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IFN-γ (interferon-γ) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR reaction with 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (ABI, Waltham, MA, USA), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was set up as internal reference. Each qPCR reaction was performed in duplicate, and the expression level was determined as the mean value. Primer sequences were listed in Table 1.

Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) primers sequences used in this paper.