Chemicals and Extracts

The RCE used in this study was an autohydrolyzed hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae, which had previously been used in a clinical trial.²⁵ The extract contained 30% w/w isoflavones [BA (14.47%), FN (14.26%), GN (0.41%), and DZ (0.23%)] and was manufactured by Pure World Botanicals, Inc. (South Hackensack, NJ) as described previously.^25,27 The chemical profile of this clinical red clover extract, batch BC190, which has been used throughout these studies, was extensively described previously.³⁵ All pure compounds were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), unless otherwise indicated.