5.2. 3D Printing of PCL Scaffold

In this study, cylindrical-shaped (height: 5 mm, diameter: 15 mm) PCL scaffolds of gyroid structure (65% porosity and 1.2 mm pore size) were printed using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printer (MakerBot, New York City, NY, USA, Model. Replicator Mini 5th generation) (Figure S3). Printing was accomplished with a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm, operating temperature of 110 °C, and a printing speed of 90 mm/s with 100% material filling density. Prior to use, the scaffolds were washed in distilled water and sterilized by soaking in 70% ethanol for 20 min, followed by UV irradiation for 30 min. The extent of porosity of these scaffolds was measured by comparing the weight of porous scaffolds with solid scaffolds of similar dimensions.