All patients were followed up in regular style through outpatient visit, including physical and laboratory examinations – CA19-9 was evaluated every 3 months for the first 2 years, every 6 months for the next 3 years, and once annually thereafter. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were generally obtained for every 12 months. Clinical follow-up lasted from the date of surgery to either the time of death or June 2015. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xin-Xiang Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained from all the individual participants.
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