In vivo renal I/R injury model

The rat model of renal I/R injury was induced by procedures similar to those described previously [19]. Briefly, rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) and a midline abdominal incision was made. Renal ischemia was performed by clamping both renal vessels for 30 min. Then, the clamps were removed to reinitiate renal blood flow. Sham-operated rats underwent the same surgical procedure without clamping. After 24hrs recovery, rats were sacrificed, blood and tissue were harvested for analysis. To determine the effect of drugs, rats were treated with Res (2 mg/kg), DAP5(a NMDAR inhibitor, 2 mg/kg), KN93(a CaMKII inhibitor, 1 mg/kg) and Res-DAP5 nanoparticles (2 mg/kg) by tail vein injection 3 h before I/R surgery.