5/6 nephrectomy

To prepare the chronic renal failure model, renal artery ligation of the right kidney followed by unilateral nephrectomy was performed. The rat was allowed to recover for 1 week, then the upper and lower segmental renal artery ligation was utilized to infarct 2/3 of the remaining kidney (Bailey et al. 1995). During the first 7 days of recovery, animals were given free access to a 14% low‐protein diet (Teklad Global 2014, 14% Protein Rodent Maintenance Diet) and provided with ¼ normal saline (0.23 mol/L NaCl) to drink. Following the recovery period, animals were maintained on normal (23%) protein diet (Lab Diet 5001, Teklad) until induction of uremia.