The swelling behavior of the hydrogel was examined in phosphate buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4) at 37 °C. The freeze-dried hydrogel was weighed and recorded (M0). The hydrogel was immersed in the PBS (pH 7.4) and removed at a predetermined point in time. After removing the surface solution of the hydrogel with filter paper, it was weighed and recorded (M1). The swelling ratio of the hydrogel was defined with the following equation:
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