Study participants

The study was a pilot, 1:1 case–control study. Subjects visiting the catheterisation laboratory of a tertiary hospital in Mumbai were included in the study. One hundred and fifty angiographically verified CAD cases (≥50% stenosis in at least one of the three major coronary arteries) were age-matched and gender-matched with 150 angiographically confirmed CAD controls (≤30% stenosis in all the three major coronary arteries).¹⁵ Subjects with abnormal liver or kidney function were excluded from the study.

Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects. Information was collected on demographics, presence of coronary risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and so on, from all the study participants. Current medication, family history and previous coronary intervention, if any, were noted.