Low virulence strain CB3 and high virulence HJ strain of C. psittaci were isolated from free-living birds27 and diseased pigeons28. AIV H9N2/chicken/Shandong/2011 was isolated from broilers as described previously11. The attenuated vaccine against Newcastle Diseases Virus (NDV) was purchased from Ceva-Huadou Co.Ltd, Beijing, China.
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