HIF-1α activity was analyzed using a Cignal HIF Reporter assay (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Cell lines (3×105 cells/well) were seeded in 6-well plates and incubated overnight. The cells were then treated with either 1 mM melatonin or vehicle. At 12 hr after treatment, the cells were transfected with 1 μg of HIF-1 reporter mixture. Afte an additional 48 hr, the cells were harvested and subjected to a luciferase assay.
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