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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pyrosequencing targeted for mutation hotspots in PIK3CA exons 9 and 20, BRAF codon 600, and KRAS codons 12 and 13 were performed. Mutations in TP53 exons 5–8 were determined by Sanger sequencing and sequencing by hybridization. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed by PCR for 10 microsatellite markers; tumors with instability in 50% or more of the loci were classified as MSI-high; for 28 cases without PCR MSI results, those with loss of MLH1 or MSH2 were classified as MSI-high.
Copyright and License information: ©2017 The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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