Materials

All reagents used in this study were analytically pure and required no further purification. DOX was obtained from Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Wisent Inc. (Montreal, Canada). Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). The CCK-8 assay, annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining solution were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Jiangsu, China). The Cycletest™ Plus DNA Reagent Kit and mAbs for CD22, CD41, CD47, CD61, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and β-actin were obtained from CST (MA, USA). H2DCFDA was bought from KeyGEN (Jiangsu, China).

All animal studies were in compliance with the Guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (Nanjing, China). BALB/c-nude mice (four to six weeks, 18–22 g) were purchased from Shanghai National Center for Laboratory Animals (Shanghai, China). Animals were maintained in specific pathogen-free facilities with food and water supplied ad libitum.