Transmission electron microscopy investigations were carried out using a 1200 EX microscope fitted with link elemental dispersive X-ray analysis detectors and a 3010 UHR operating at 300 kV (JEOL Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). The powdered samples were ultrasonically dispersed in ultrapure water and a few droplets of the slurry were then deposited on perforated carbon foils supported on conventional copper microgrids. Scanning electron microscopy observations were carried out using an 840A microscope (JEOL Ltd). The specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs using carbon tape and covered with a coating of Au-Pd approximately 10 nm thick using a coating unit (Polaron Sputter Coater E5100, Polaron Equipment, Watford, UK).
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