Sensitivity analyses

We performed our primary analysis without including fractures because patients undergoing hip fracture surgery are typically different from patients undergoing elective joint replacement. Accordingly, they have been excluded from CMS’ Hospital Compare measure. However, because hip fractures are included in the CJR program, we performed a sensitivity analysis with hip fractures included to confirm the stability of our primary findings.

All analyses were performed using statistical software (STATA 13/SE, College Station, TX), and at the 5% significance level.